Permission to film in Vauxhall park

This shows an email from  our group to the council asking for permission to shoot at vauxhall park. We then got a response that we do need permission. We replied asking for permission but we didn't get any response after that.  So we decided that we are not going to use the park after all and if there was a point since the affair or situation is occurring with a school pupil, might swell show everything in the school.

LOCATION - Unit 22

With the low budget we have, we made use of the locations we have for free. The locations we will be using  mostly is the school hall , we have chosen the school hall due to the huge space and the spacing as we will be able to consider different camera shots and record from different angles to make our film look more effective. The hall also echoes, that is quite effective as we are attempting a horror short film (can be counted as in-camera editing).  Furthermore, we will add different equipment to make it more horrific and just to add effects during post-prouduction which emphasises the whole room and equipments. 

Another location is the outside of the school where the male actor will be shown making his way to do his evil deeds. Making him walk outside adds to the plot of the male being deviant and rotten as a whole and not just in the school. We will use this exit in our film, this is because it’s a clear exit and we are able to see through the glass and we would be able to emphasis the pace and gesture the character is in and walking at and we will be able to use a variety of camera angles.

Furthermore we will be using this narrow lane because it’s a long lane and we will be able to extreme long shots and show the surrounding of a character and emphasis how fast she is running and trying to get away from him. 

We though these specific location are good for our film because it goes well with our storyline and we are able to do whatever we like with the location with clearance from the head teacher and the owner of the classroom. We will be able to practise and be able to adjust to the location as much as we need to as we would have access to the place just about any time of the school day.

Unit 1 -A1- Personnel

TASK 1 -  MEDIA PRODUCTION TIME MANAGEMENT

*PRODUCTION SCHEDULE WILL BE UPLOADED ONCE FINALIZED BY EACH MEMBER OF THE TEAM.

Why is time management crucial when it come to making film and editing your film?

I think time management and setting dates/time/deadlines while filming is crucial because it obviously gets the work done, shown by already made films. Also, i believe if you don't set time then it is possible to forget things or you end up leaving things last; rushed work outcomes are never good.

An example of a production that did not stick to its production schedule:

This is South Park. It was said that in 2011 the maker (Arthur Bradford) of this TV cartoon adult sitcom rushed in six days production schedule and managed to complete the 22-minute episode just hours before its original air date.The reason for this was said to be because of the lack of ideas. However, it turned out well for them and actually received good feed backs from critics which i think was because south park is a cartoon made on a software. Although, i can imagine the stress and pressure they would have been under and it didn't meet their alternative plan or goals. 

This shows why time management is crucial unless there will be a lot of pressure and deadlines will not be met. 


Task 2 - MEDIA PRODUCTION PERSONNEL

This is the job roles we have assigned people with for our production. We have assigned people to what they specialise in the best.






Task 4 LOCATION LOCATION  LOCATION

With the low budget we have, we made use of the locations we have for free.

The locations we will be using is this science room, we have chosen this science room due to the size of the class room and the spacing in the classroom as we will be able to do like do different camera shots and record from different angles to make our film look more effective. Furthermore in this classroom we will add different equipment to make it more horrific and just to add effect
We will use this exit in our film, this is because it’s a clear exit and we are able to see through the glass and we would be able to emphasis the pace and gesture the character is in and running at and we will be able to do a variety of camera angles.

Furthermore we will be using this narrow lane because it’s a long lane and we will be able to extreme long shots and show the surrounding of a character and emphasis how fast she is running.

Unit 1- Release form/ Clearance

Y.A.C PRODUCTIONS

VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHIC RELEASE FORM

Release Form

In the below agreement Y.A.C PRODUCTIONS are one and the same.

I hereby authorize LBTS6 sole and exclusive rights to use, publish, copy, print, copyright or electronically transfer any or all photographs, video, or audio clips taken by me or of me during the filming of ‘There’s something in the woods’ which is the film which has been made and created by us for the purposes of our coursework..

I also agree that LBTS6 may use such photographs, video and audio recordings taken by me or of me with my consent or the use of my name for any lawful purpose, including but not limited to; publicity, illustration, advertising, marketing, copyrighting and Web content.

I hereby authorize LBTS6 to edit, alter, copy, exhibit, publish or distribute this media for the purposes of our own coursework so in order to achieve a qualification for the given module in this area however also to distribute to enable others whether its assessors or students to watch, gain inspiration from or enjoy our work.

In addition, I waive the right to inspect or approve the finished product, including written or electronic copy, wherein my likeness appears.

Additionally, I waive any right to royalties or other compensation arising or related to the use of any of these video, or audio clips.

I am 18 years of age and am competent to contract in my own name. I have read this release before signing below and I fully understand the contents, meaning, and impact of this release.

First Name __________________________ Last Name _________________________

Signature ___________________________________________ Date ______________

Unit 1 - A3- Notes on creative process/Notes/minutes from ALL productions meeting

Week 2: Production Meeting

9TH DECEMBER 2015:

This week we are planning to make sure we know who are characters are and who will play each character, also this week will make sure we make our Foley sound such as heavy breathing to add more effect in our short film, also we will watch YouTube videos to get ideas about how to make good make up effects and make it look as realistic as possible. We will be gathering all our equipment this week so we are prepared for filming. We had also discussed how it was best if we change our characters, we changed our little girl from Karen to Ariana as she is in our group and would always be here and we wouldn't need always pick days when she is free because she will always be with us and will know the story line well so it wouldn't be hard for her.

In this meeting, we produced the list which is shown above in the picture in order to set ourselves goals as we found that through doing this and sitting down every week and setting ourselves weekly goals enable us to remain on task, focused on what we need to do and actually set ourselves smart targets which must be achieved this week and evenly distributed tasks throughout the group so that everything could be done efficiently.

We also took the time which we had together to gather ideas and make up inspirations on YouTube for some scenes especially for the scenes in which the girl gets beaten and roughed up so we all sat together and watch some YouTube videos which were related to the sort looks which we wanted to go for and the simplest way in which we were able to create cuts, scars and bruises in a way which required less budget and then we went out into a quieter room and I was able to attempt to try and the bruising technique on Yazmin's eye to try and see if i could create a similar look however some items which were required to make the look more realistic were not available to us at the time so we therefore decided to just bare this though in mind.

On this day, we also distributed our tasks in order to ensure that all of our written work for our blog was in the process of completion so that we were able to start filming and maintaining filming as our main focus in the next week rather than still having tonnes of work to be completed.

 

 

Bibliography for unit 1 Legal issues

My information was found on:

• ASA Website https://www.asa.org.uk/ 
• ASA Banning TV ad http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/nov/25/halloween-ad-clown-primevil-norwich

• BBFC Website http://www.bbfc.co.uk/
• BBFC Ban http://www.nerdly.co.uk/2015/03/02/james-cullen-bressacks-hate-crime-banned-by-the-bbfc/

• OFCOM http://www.ofcom.org.uk/
• Ofcom ban http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1466223/Ofcom-bans-derogatory-faggot-advert.html

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearance (clearance)
• http://realbusiness.co.uk/article/27412-6-famous-copyright-cases Galactica vs star wars

Unit 1-A2- Production schedule

Unit 1-A1-Legal Issues and Regulations

Unit 1 Legal Issues

The key media institutions which are responsible for regulating/controlling the industry that I know of are the ASA (Advertising Standards Authority), BBFC (British Board of film classification) and OFCOM (Office of Communication) who are also communiaction regulators. These three organisations make sure that the content shown/produced are decent and appropiate for the target audience (age).

Example of their works:

1. ASA Banned tv advert of a halloween menacing clown which scared children due to complaints from parents. It is their job to order the ad as it was not very pleasing.
2. BBFC banned films such as "Hate crimes" because it basically promoted terrorism, mutilation, physical and sexual abuse of a jewish family during the Nazi times.
3. Ofcom bans 'derogatory' faggot advert. This ad was banned  because it had the word "faggot" in it which was classed as being abusive.

 

BECTU (The Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union)

Negotiating pay, conditions and contracts with employers

Personal advice and representation for individual members

Advice and representation on health and safety

Benefit and services for BECTU members

Training support and courses

Networking events and career development opportunities

Union journal, Stage Screen and Radio, published six times a year.

Website designed to improve access to the union's advice and support.

Clearance and Copyright

In the TV or film production it is important to consider legal issues because it is very easy to get in to trouble. For example, if you wanted to use somebody an artists music in your film, you will need to get permission (clearance) from the owners and there'd probably be a fee to pay. If you dont ask for permission then you can charged under the copyright and patent law which could mean paying a huge sum or going to prison.


An example is the case of Starwars VS. Battlestar Galactica where Galactica owners were accussed of stealing 34 sort of ideas from Starwars even ideas from starwars episodes from years ago (1977). This case ended with the disappearance of Galactica.

Unit 1: A2: Risk Assessment form

Storyboard

Unit 1 -A2 Ideas for Cast/ Cast list

For Our Casts we only need two cast as we only need one person to play a teacher and one person to play the little girl.

We have chosen Ariana to be the little girl in our film this is because we need a cast to play the character that will always be available when we need them, and she is part of our group so we will be able to make sure she knows what's going on and she will know the storyline pretty well so she wouldn't really find it difficult to play the character and if she forgets anything she would be able to improvise is well.

For the teacher we have chosen Ishaaq to play the character this is because he is very tall and was willing to be the teacher and he was comfortable with playing that role.

Unit 1- A1 Pitch Evaluation

This video shows our media pitch about the short film we will be making (Me, Ariana and Yasmin) 

I thought this was pretty easy because we combined all our ideas together as they were relatively close to each other in terms of theme and genre. So we combined all our ideas together. I'd describe that as a strength.
Another thing we did well was going in to detail with what influenced our film and target audience as well as the morals which. In order to back this up we added a video to our slide to show that the main genre is horror and there's a kid in the play which sorts of voices the age group and target audience. We also gave an insight of the equipment needed and that to me was obviously absorbed by the class as nobody had a problem with it.

However, we had feedback's about what we could have improved such as describing the cast in depth and props that we are actually going to use. We understood why that came up because we had an idea of what characters we need but because we are all not acting in it and it requires looking for someone who suits the description and is willing to do it. We will need year 7's but it will be a bit tricky or risky finding one especially because they don't know us and travelling them to the location where we will be filming.


Out of all the slides we presented we missed out making a slide on camera language and more description on sound. The reason i think this happened was because there might be changes when it come to the time we film as our group is quite ambitious.

Here is some some camera languages we could have displayed on a slide (screenshots from Abandoned a short scary film):


This is a Medium shot and this exact shot would be really effective for our short film because this boy-walks-through-the-forest scene is going to be in our film too. The medium shot shows the surroundings as well as the character in one shot which gives the audience an insight of what is going on.

This is Eye level allows the audience to put themselves in the same shoes as the character. For example, if you look at this screenshot you can see that the boy is scared which makes the audience guess and anticipate what happens next. It engages the audience. 

This is the close up which is also another type of shot that engages the audience and give the idea of how the character feels. For example, in this example i can see that the guy is looking on the floor so he's obviously quite scared or if he was to face what was about to happen .


We explained camera movements and angles that we can use and the reasons so we only lacked on shot types.

Now for Sound..

There's obviously going to be dialogue (diagetic sound). I feel like when a character speaks even just once it gives the audience more things to think about. I'd allow dialogue for the little children we might be using because it creates more empathy.

Ambient sound (non digetic) would be great when the child is walking through the forest becasue it synchronizes with everything that is happening.

OR

Contrapuntal  which i think would add to the horror; Imagine a jolly song playing whilst someones just about to be captured. Scary right?


Overall, our pitch went well as we covered most areas and the class clearly understood the plot and what is going to be happen.

Unit 1- A2- Call Sheet

DAILY FILMING SHEET

(CALL SHEET)

Date and time: Friday 8th January 2015

Location: School Playground and Gym Storyboard scene no.s: First 3 scenes Cast: Ibrahim (The paedophile/perpetrator), Ariana (Victim) and Yasmin, Camera Women and Director alongside Ariana. Props: None used yet as these scenes do not require props however technical materials such as Tripod and Camera were used. **Mats from the Gym area used to create shade and darkness, Artificial darkness in order to create the effect we were looking for, Reminders: Film the same scene from different angles so there is more variety and zoom where necessary.

Date and time: Monday 4th January 2015

Location: Science Laboratory Storyboard scene no.s: Scene 4-6 Cast: Ibrahim, The Perpetrator, Ariana the Victim, Camera Women Christiana, Yasmin, Director and some extras. Props: Science books, Science Table, Lab Coats in order to add more character, Glasses for the Perpetrator. Reminders: **After analysis, we realised that we need to re-film this scene as the zoom was deemed as unprofessional and very shaky and one of the cast members looked at the camera therefore it is necessary to do it again to ensure that the scene is suitable, this is if it still remains part of our storyline due to the fact that it we changed our script.

Unit 1 Original idea/Material used/type of production

I have been asked to come up with a storyline/plot that I will be using for my production which will later will be contributed to a whole group production. Doing this will help me learn about the pre-production process to a near professional standard.


I have constructed an idea of having my main genre to be horror as it's the easiest. We all know how to scare people. The main idea is having a little girl finding a bush and being the stereotypical gullible 8 year old she walks into the bush and hears a piano playing which was at a jolly tempo. She follows the piano and as she walks a man follows her trying to kidnap her. The little girl gets to a worn-out brown shed and as she enters the man (can't see his face) also enters and then there's a muffle scream which depicts that he has caught her and she has learnt her lesson from that very moment. I've also decided to keep it open-ended this is because after research of what genre to use I have noticed that most horror movies are open- ended just to keep the audience wondering what actually happens next which is a good thing when producing as it tells you that the audience is interested and engaged.


As I'm going to be using a single camera it might be difficult to show the little girls every expression on her journey to the shed as single cameras don't allow much angles to be taken into consideration unless you film with the camera from different angles. This is time consuming and might not seem realistic to audiences as the time intervals of certain shots might not go together. However, having one camera means it's easier to film in a "woody" sort of location (portable) and also it will allow me to film a tracking shot of the girls journey to the shed whilst moving the camera briskly so the audience can feel like something is about to happen, basically anticipation.


An example of a film that brought about this idea for me is "The Cabin In the wood"(I've added a trailer of the film below). This film was an inspiration for my film because it's also about gullible/fun/adventurous youths going to have fun in a cabin in the middle of the woods. They thought everything was going to be fine until weird and scary stuff started happening such as seeing a different reflection in the mirror or unexpected gruesome killings.

Assignment 1: Task 3- Narrative endings

I will be talking about open-end narratives and close-end narrative with examples and their appeal to the audience.

Open-end narrative:

 Open-end narratives are common mostly within TV shows/dramas and some films in order to leave the audience with excitement and an adrenaline rush to want more which leaves high expectations for whats coming next and would probably be a motivation for the makers of the open-ended productions.

Facts

• Tend to have more than one story line (realistic)
• more knowledge about the characters for the audience 
• It could go on forever 

Eastenders and Hollyoaks are the two open-ended TV soap dramas familiar to me therefore, it will be easier for me to go into depth on the thrill the open-end gives me and to explain what exactly is an open-ended narrative.

Cliffhanger from Hollyoaks, Sinead laying on the floor 

This is the end of an episode in Eastenders where Phil was laying on the ground, hurt and covered with blood. The episode has been left as a cliffhanger with the "DUFF DUFF DUFF" which is always used to end an episode. This would leave the audience in suspense and wanting to find out what happened to Phil and who did this to him and how it happened. This causes social interactions and is entertaining because audience become intrigued.


The same practice is used in the production of Hollyoaks to also keep the audience in suspense and wanting to find out more. Hollyoaks also has the score which is designated only to Hollyoaks.

Close-ended Narrative 

YOU GUESSED IT! Close-ended narratives is the opposite of Open-ended narrative. The plot and storyline actually comes to an end. 

Facts

• Close-ended narratives tend to manipulate the audience on which character they should like or dislike 
• Time is compressed (unrealistic), therefore most of the events and the story is mostly special 
• Tend to be 2 hours (films)
• Tend to follow linear structure (beginning, middle and ending)
• Main audience are people who nonintellectual or like things wrapped up quickly

An example of a close ended production is Shrek.

Shrek and Fiona getting married

This movie ended with Fiona and Shrek getting married even though not everybody supported which was shown in the middle of the movie. Finding out that Shrek and Fiona ended up getting married would have been pleasing for some audience because it would be satisfactory for the people who actually wanted them to get married however some audiences might want it to continue. For example, to show what happens after the marriage, a sort of twist which would be more conducive.



Another example is Attack the block. 

It's also close ended. The screen shot shows the end where the boys defeated the aliens and one of them is dragging one of the dead aliens on the floor. This would have also been satisfactory to the audience to know that they actually defeated the aliens despite the boys nature of living in one of the baddest blocks in south London. However, others would have wanted a twist too. For example, if the aliens actually come back.
I feel like this film will not be close-ended for long and maybe the producers are actually planning to publish a part 2 because a continuation with this movie is possible. I would definitely watch another one. 

However, i'd say i prefer open ended films as i like to be intellectually challenged which is basically the main audience for open ended films anyway. 

Single Camera Production Analysis: Undeclared episode 7 season 1 -Unit 22

Here is my analysis of Undeclared, an American sitcom single camera production which has perfect examples of camera movements, sound techniques, camera angle and shot types.

Camera Angles

I'm going to start with the simplest to analyse which is camera angles. At the beginning of episode 1, season 1 the character Dave has been filmed constantly on a low angle which i think depicts his role in this episode. Dave is the character who completes assignments for college students which denotes the use of low angle as he's obviously smarter than the other characters, he's more superior, their grades depends on Dave. The other characters (Rachel, Steven and Lizzie) are mostly at eye level which I think the producer has intentionally done to show how they feel that their work is not done and the fear they had in the scene where Lizzie and Rachel met Dave. The audience should feel the same way or empathise.

Another scene for Analysis is the scene where Steven's dad is proud of Steven as he achieved a good grade , the use of over the shoulder helps the audience understand the subject in depth; how Steven feels that he didn't actually do the work, where this is taking place and the way he reacts to what his father is saying, "..all the tuition is paying off", Steven raises his eyebrows to show how disappointed he is with himself. The camera also switches making Steven's dad the subject over Steven's shoulders which puts the audience in Stevens shoes; the heavy excitement coming from his father is drowning him and conscience pricks him.

17 minutes in to the episode, an example of a high angle has been shown with Dave being the subject  on the floor with the camera. Which obviously shows inferiority and how deluded Dave was thinking he was still in a video game. The camera being at high angle meant that's how Steven and Rachel were looking at the subject which shows that at the time they were more sane and right than whatever state Dave was in.

Sound techniques 

The obvious sound I can refer to in this episode is dialogue as the characters have American accents due to the  constant background "r" which gives you an insight of where this single camera production was set. Undeclared was filmed at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. I think this sets a foundation in the audience heads in terms of stereotypes that American students are reckless and what is happening in this episode fully supports the stereotypes as they are actually being rebels and getting somebody else to do their work. 

Let's use the scene where Stevens Dad was showing enthusiasm of his sons grade. He had a happy/appreciative tone and at a high pitch which I think matches what is going on in the subject and is different to how he was at equilibrium (in other episodes).




Another sound technique that I noticed the Score from 2 minutes into the episode where Rachel, Steven, Lizzie and the other characters were running,  having fun and joking about. On IMBD it says that the score was produced by Joey Santiago and Michael Andrews. Joey Santiago is a Filipino-American guitarist and composer hence why in most of the scenes where the scores are you can hear guitars. I think the use of the guitar scores for a American teenage sitcom like this is wise to add emphasis to the stereotype and the characters youthful behaviour. The soundtrack used in the middle scene where the three: Rachel, Steven and Lizzie were in the school field also playing about which worked very well.

Camera Shots 

There is a scene where the camera is long shot to show where the character is and give and idea of what is going on. For example, Marshall was at the ATM  cashing out money. The long shot makes it possible for audience to know what is going on. Another camera shot i can find an idea for in Undeclared is where the camera was held at medium close up while Marshall and Steven spoke. This allows the audience to know how the characters feel and to put themselves in the shoes of the characters. This is the impact it had on me. Marshall was pleasing Stevens eyes with the money he just withdrawal-ed however he was just pleasing Marshall he was also pleasing the audience (me). The producers of this production have great ways to engage the audience as Cut-in's have been used in most scenes, an example of this was in the scene where Lizzie and Rachel were doing there work, the camera has been set up to show the girls closely highlighting text in textbooks. It was to show their frustration of having to do school work and being completely clueless about what was going on.  The idea being portrayed can be informing for student audiences as they could empathise and could teach that is you actually do your own work and you wouldn't struggle.

Camera Movements

The various camera techniques that have been used in Undeclared also adds to the morals and helps the audience know what is going on. In the scene where Marshall and Steven were walking down the hall way. The camera has been made to track both of them walking with the addition of panning to add emphasis to how the conversation of the two characters is running whilst walking. This engages the audience. This same camera movement has been shown in other scenes too like in when the students were out in the dark trying to get into Dave's house near the end of the episode. This was used to show the confusion of the characters at that point in time. This was very understandable. Another camera movement is the pedestal where the camera has either been lowered or put higher to show either the difference between tom characters height or just to show how tall somebody is and how intimidating they could be to other characters. An example of a scene which shows that is the same one where Marshall and Steven were by the cash machine and were opposite each other. The camera had been made to pedestal.

Unit 22 Linear vs Non Linear structure

I'm going to start with my favourite.

Non linear narrative structure 

The non linear narrative structure is when the story line doesn't have a specific order so this means it allows the film/production to use flashbacks (a scene in a film, novel, etc. set in a time earlier than the main story) and basically in non-chronological order (The same way i'm starting with non linear structure even though the title clearly states "Linear .Often, the order of the events is rearranged or deconstructed which describes the main characters feelings or psychological state (literary), in most cases heart break and sadness. Single camera production is excellent when making non linear films. However, it will all make sense in the end. This sort of narrative is very exciting because it makes the audience want it adds up to at the end. 

An example of a non linear film is "Inception", the order was clear from the beginning because it started in a building with people confronting each other and tension was present which obviously is not a equilibrium. It is not normal. Also as the scene continued there was a cross between time or maybe two worlds, so whatever was happening in the present world had an effect in the other world. 

This guy is being drowned. 

                                                                               

Water appears in the next world

This scene is an example of the crossing of the two worlds. As this guy is dipped into water in this world, in the other world water comes gushing from the windows in the other world. This supports my point of the literary side of non linear films because the use of this structure is to point out that 'whatever you do always has an impact on your life whether you like it or not.'

Most people enjoy non-linear films because they like to be challenged, people that like being intellectually challenged. They like to know something has happened and then find out. So this is the target audience for Inception. It allows escapism as the audience are basically travelling with this man and they are out of reality.

                                                                          

Linear Narrative Structure   

You obviously know what the definition of linear means by now, the opposite of non-linear narrative. 

The linear narrative structure runs in chronological order, events happening in order in which the characters experience and can be explained with Todorov's theory (in my opinion). Most people do not prefer this structure because it is too simple and not as complicated as films should be, film is a art and should go out of the ordinary.

An example of a film/production with linear narrative structure is the simpsons and i will describe it in the three stages when talking about chronological order (beginning,middle and ending):


Beginning starts with everything being normal and everything is casual. 

Marge and Lisa has just been shopping 

Middle shows some sort of conflict with the villain and Victim. In this case the mayor vs the simpsons.

The mayor is being targeted by Marge and Lisa as they are suspicious.

The whole family has sorted out the issue. 

At the End the villain often gets defeated and gotten rid of while the hero is complimented and praised. 

Having a linear narrative has a smooth effect on the audience as the story is running smoothly and won't be challenging to understand what's going on.

Unit 22- Todorov's Narrative theory

Now i will be talking about Todorov's theory of how every film/story/plots have the same structure and pattern. This involves these five stages:

1. Equilibrium which is the start of the story/plot and everything is how it should be
2. Disruption which is when something happens, a problem, something that would disrupt the normal 
3. Realisation; this is the part where everyone realises what is going on and it is chaos 
4. Reparation is when the character(s) tries (or actually solves) to repair the problem
5. New equilibrium is the ending where the happiness is restored and everything is normal again

I'm going to be using the first Shrek movie. The trailer below should also show my reference to Todrovs theory.

1. This is the equilibrium where everything is normal. Shrek lived in a swamp and enjoyed scaring people and being the beast. This lets the audience understand how things were before anything happened. It also make the audience want to know what's going to happen next.
2. This is the disruption stage where the fairytale characters/ animals appeared because Lord Farquaad had dumped them there. In order for Shrek to have the swamp to himself again him and Lord Farquaad made a deal that if he rescued Fiona the princess he could have his swamp back. This is the stage where the audience can now empathise as we are actually going to be following Shrek to rescue Fiona. Its quite effective.
3. This is the realisation stage where Shrek realises that he is actually in love with Princess Fiona even though she was meant to get married to Lord Farquaad . He tried to ignore his feelings because the only reason he was there was to get his privacy back. Again this is engaging as this is also part of the journey, the audience will empathise for Shrek that he loves Fiona.
4. This is the reparation stage where they try to solve or repair the problem (realisation stage). Shrek and Donkey went to crash the wedding to get Fiona and also found out that Fiona was also and ogre. Shrek and Fiona had to fight to get away as the whole town opposed ogres.
5.  This is the ending of the play where happiness is restored as Shrek and Fiona were now together living in the swamp along with the fairytale characters and Donkey. This stage would be the end of the quest and the audience would obviously be happy because the happiness has been achieved.

Unit 22- Genre

I am going to be discussing these three genres; Science fiction, Horror and Romance.

Science fiction is a movie/film genre which is normally based on current or future science or technology. An example of this is Batman vs. Superman: Dawn of Justice which involves characters having special powers and can be classified as being supernatural.     

                                                                                                                                                            

 Looking at this trailer  audiences can tell that the setting for this movie is probably in the future as there are humans in a suit which gives them super powers as well as cars that don't exist  (extra-terrestrial life forms/objects) and look/hint how cars will look in the future. For example, having cars that are as fast/swift as the wind. There's also ideas of other worlds which also makes up science fiction.

                                

The genre of this movie "Trump" can be classified as being horror this is because horror movies are very disturbing yet engaging. Also, the motive for horror movies is to scare the audience as well as to keep the audience alarmed which is discomposing. This movie has displayed all these aspects of horror movie as the whole plot is to scare the US citizens that if Donald Trump were to be elected as president as it would ruin the states and possibility of genocide.

Now Romance, I will be using the movie Caveman as a prime example of the genre. This is because of the hidden feelings between the main characters Astin and Belle but the audience can see that they're attracted to each other. Romance movies are basically love stories which focus on passion, emotions and attractions which is mainly between the two main characters. In Caveman, Belle and Astin are best friends who want to be best friends but are actually very attracted to each over. They try to date others but it just doesn't work out. They are a perfect fit for each other.  This is romance.

                                                        

Unit 22- A1 -Formats

The objectives i will  be touching up on in this essay

• Argue for each format, why they would be engaging for an audience (Serials, Series and one off specials)
• use subject terminology, including Audience uses and gratification 

I will be talking about Serials, Series and one-off productions and their impact on the audience with examples of single camera productions. Mostly, tv dramas/soaps.

Serials

Serials are productions where each episode picks up from the previous episode. So it continues. SOAP's tend to follow this format; they keep the full nature of the story hidden and revealing the basics episode by episode to keep viewers in tact and hooked to the show.
Examples are:

• Scream Queens
• Hollyoaks
• Eastenders
• Empire
• Game of Throne 
• Lost
• Pretty Little Liars 
• Neighbours 

Scream queens is a single camera serial production shown on E4 every tuesday which consists of one story arc/narrative arc that there is a College campus where sorority groups and house groups exsists and a 1995 sorority pledge which went wrong is now causing a series of murders in the college campus. On top of the story arc there are temporary issues which will obviously erupt such as when Grace's dad found out that there is a muderer(s) in the campus and he wanted her to leave but she didnt want to. This got him really angry and he didn't want to talk to her anymore. Another example, when Chanel no.1 found out her boyfriend had been cheating on her with one of the other Chanels. Here's a video of this scene.







Another example of a tv serial is Hollyoaks which is about the everyday lives of the inhabitants of Hollyoaks regarding relationships, love and career. That's the main plot. But other things happen on top of it like finding out that your step dad has been sexually abusing your little sister and the process of finding out would have happened after at least 3 years of the situation. In fact this happened recently with Pete Buchanan and Cleo Mcqueen. Pete had been having sexual intercourse with Cleo after she turned 16 even though he had the intentions to do so when she was underage. But being over age now, he took the opportunities. After the gruesome act had been found out by the rest of the family, more convictions had been confessed by Cleo's other sisters against Pete. This has landed Pete in Prison for his gross behaviour. I would say this plot could be classed as being very informative to the audience.


 However, people have said the wait is worthwhile as when you do find out about things like this you start to link episodes to episodes.

This is a screenshot showing peoples comments on Hollyoaks 

This screenshot shows people's reviews on Hollyoaks and how "addictive" it is despite the pathetic events that happen. So it's not so pathetic then if they are actually watching it! According to the screenshot it's also clear that Hollyoaks (being a serial) also allows social interaction. There are so many sites that talk about Hollyoaks and predict whats going to happen on the next episode.

Lastly, another example of one of my favourite serial is Empire. This is because it gives an insight of what happens in the hip hop music industry and how aggressive it is behind the scenes in terms of competition so that's the call to tell the world that hip hop is actually quite pathetic nowadays. Or it is just not easy to get into the music even if you have great potential.
Empire is shown every tuesday on E4. It's mostly for entertainment as we get to see different established celebrities performing and the artists just made for the show.
The main story is about a hip hop tycoon who has to choose between his three sons who are trying to take over his multi-billionaire dollar company, while his ex-wife cookie is trying to build her own company and make it big. However, as this is the foundation different ghastly events occur which audience find entertaining and having to wait for a whole week to see what happens next allows social interaction and makes it to become addictive to some viewers. 

  
This video shows Cookie and Anika fighting 

Series 

Series consists of new story line in every episode but you still have an insight on the background story (narrative arc). 

Example of TV series:

• Dr Who 
• Two pints of larger and a packet of crisp  
• How i met your mother 
• Family guy 
• Simpsons 
• Top gear 

I will be using series of How i met you mother to explain Series in depth. 

This is a screenshot from YouTube showing the different names of episodes in a season/series. The first every episode was called Pilot where the story started. Ted Mosby started telling his children the story of how he met their mother which was set in the future. Then episode 2 was named Purple Giraffe where the story had already began and can be classed as a flashback; Ted throws a party in order to see Robin but she didn't come so he kept trying and trying. 

The idea is that all the episodes would add together to actually help the audience find out how Ted Mosby met "the mother". We didn't get to find out until Season 9 which i think the use of non-linear narrative was smart and would have caused social interaction with the audience as it's like putting a puzzle together and when you finish you're satisfied. 

Season 9 we found out Lily was the mother who was in fact one of Ted's best friends and was secretly a nymphomaniac which meant her and Ted had been in a sexual relationship in the past. The sudden reconciliation of their relationship at the end of the season was surprising, i'd count that as the twist.  

One-off production 

One-off productions can be films or dramas  shown once on TV and not repeated as often.

Examples of these are:

• Mother love 
• The last train 
• Ultraviolet 
• Stone tape 
• Unloved 
• Recovery 

This is a screenshot from the end of Recovery which appeared on TV (BBC) in 2007 on the 25th of February. This story was obviously a close-ended narrative as everything was completed in this episode and there hasn't been a part 2. The story was about a happy young couple and one day the husband Alan got hit by a car and lost his memory which changed his personality and the way he acted. His behavior fluctuated from being childish and overly happy to being aggressive and overly angry. His wife Tricia tried to make him recover by reminding him of who he was. He started to recover after a while but was still finding it difficult. 

The whole episode must follow Todorov's theory because of the way the events have occurred. 

[See unit 22 Todorovs theory]